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The Ascension of Jesus to Heaven as stated in the New Testament has been a frequent subject in Christian art, as well as a theme in theological writings.〔''Encyclopedia of World Religions'' by Johannes P. Schade 2007, ISBN 1-60136-000-2 entry under Ascension.()〕 However, the Ascension of Jesus is not the only depiction of ascension and other figures, such as Saint John, have been separately depicted as ascending to Heaven.〔 The earliest direct depictions of the Ascension date to around the beginnings of the 5th century, often based on the Hand of God representations and by the 6th century the iconography had been established.〔〔 In many depictions, (and always in the Eastern Church) the Virgin Mary is at the center of the group of Apostles (representing the Church) who look upwards towards the ascending Jesus who usually signals a blessing with his right hand.〔〔 ==Development of the iconography== New Testament scenes that appear in the Christian art of the 3rd and 4th centuries typically deal with the works and miracles of Jesus such as healings, the multiplication of the loaves or the raising of Lazarus.〔 Although versions of the subject of ''Christ in Majesty'', which show the resurrected and ascended Christ in heaven, appear earlier, the Ascension itself is not depicted until about 400. In early scenes Christ may be shown striding up a mountain, at times the Hand of God reaching from within the clouds to assist him.〔 An ivory plaque in Munich with such a scene is usually dated around 400, and is possibly the earliest Ascension image.〔Kerbrat, Pierre. "Ascension" in ''Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages, Volume 2'', Richard Barrie Dobson et al., p. 113, Routledge, 2000, ISBN 1-57958-282-6, ISBN 978-1-57958-282-1〕 This was to remain the most common type in the West for several centuries, and for example is repeated in the Drogo Sacramentary some 450 years later (see gallery). The crucifixion scene is virtually unknown in the 5th century and rare until the 6th century. By the 6th century, however, more images of both the Crucifixion and the Ascension began to appear, perhaps as a result of the theological discussions of the late 4th and early 5th centuries.〔 The Rabbula Gospels (c. 586) include some of the earliest images of the Crucifixion and Ascension, and in their Ascension depictions the Virgin Mary occupies a central position among the Apostles;〔Robin M. Jensen "Art in Early Christianity" in ''The New Westminster Dictionary of Church History'' by Robert Benedetto 2008 ISBN 978-0-664-22416-5 pages 51-53〕 Christ appears in a mandorla above, accompanied by angels. This was to remain the standard Byzantine and Eastern Orthodox depiction.〔 By the 6th century the iconography of the Ascension had been established and by the 9th century Ascension scenes were being depicted on domes of churches.〔''Festival Icons for the Christian Year'' by John Baggley 2000 ISBN 0-264-67487-1 pages 137-138〕 In some representations there may be no mountain and he may be climbing a mandorla, or be lifted towards Heaven in a mandorla by angels.〔 In Romanesque depictions sometimes just the feet of Christ are shown as he disappears up into the clouds; this depiction became the most popular in Northern Europe, where it lingered in provincial wood reliefs until well after the Reformation. Sometimes the last two footprints of Christ on the rock are seen; these were shown to pilgrims at what is now the Chapel of the Ascension on the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem.〔 The scene may also include the Apostles, two men in white and the Virgin Mary.〔''Medieval Art: a Topical Dictionary'' by Leslie Ross 1996 ISBN 978-0-313-29329-0 pages 25-26〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ascension of Jesus in Christian art」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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